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长三角最大铁路货车“医院”：妙用荧光为列车“体检”******
(新春走基层)长三角最大铁路货车“医院”：妙用荧光为列车“体检”
中新网杭州2月3日电(张煜欢)3日，在位于杭州的乔司检修车间轮轴检修区，轮轴探伤工吴洁良按下“上料”按键，泛着黄绿光的荧光磁悬液随即从探伤机喷管里倾泻而出，均匀洒落在轮轴表面。经过除锈清洗的火车轮轴锃亮如新，从北到南依次排列在四条股道上。
吴洁良所在的中国铁路上海局集团有限公司杭州北车辆段是长三角地区最大的铁路货车“医院”，负责定期检修铁路货车。其中，对火车车轴进行电磁探伤作业是工作的重要一环。
吴洁良在轮辋上涂打作业标记。 汪晟 摄如果说车轮好比火车的两条腿，那么轮轴探伤工就是给火车双腿看病的“医生”，而“荧光”就是他们探病问诊的重要工具。
“为货车轮轴做检查的荧光磁粉探伤机好比是医院里的‘X光机’，在对轮轴喷淋荧光磁悬液，通电磁化后，可以判断轮轴表面状态。”工长茹凯明说，“倘若轮轴产生裂纹、缺陷，在紫外灯的探照下会形成目视可见的磁痕，我们的职责就是及时找出这些‘伤口’，排除隐患，杜绝车轮‘带病’上路。”
随着磁粉探伤机前后遮光门帘落下，探伤间内瞬间变成了暗室，目之所及荧光闪烁，紫光灯下的黄绿色车轴清晰可见。吴洁良戴上紫外线护目镜，俯身弯腰凑近车轴端部，左手握住粉笔在轴颈上涂打起始标记，右手同步按下车轴转动按钮，静静地观察车轴上的磁化状态。
吴洁良将清洗除锈后的轮轴徒手推进轮轴探伤间。 汪晟 摄“牢记磁痕细对比，勤换视角看仔细，苦练手感摸凹凸，打磨修复防误判……”为提高发现故障的水平，班组总结提炼了磁粉探伤的作业口诀，几道步骤自始至终贯穿在吴洁良的作业过程中。
“车轴作为承载列车的关键部件，在运行过程中承受着多重复杂应力的作用，哪怕是0.1毫米的裂纹也容易酿成断轴事故，因此我们不能放过任何一条蛛丝马迹。”吴洁良说，“而且车轴磁痕通常细如发丝，往往隐藏在最让人忽视的地方，需要手、脑、眼全面调动起来。”
随着今年春运接近尾声，各行各业加快了返岗复工的脚步，全力冲刺新春“开门红”。为保障物流通道的畅通，铁路部门开足马力，加快列车周转效率，强化货车检修力度。近段时间以来，吴洁良在“小黑屋”里常常一待就是3个小时，弯腰下蹲检查上百次，给体力和眼力带来双重考验。
在吴洁良和班组的共同努力下，自农历正月初七以来，杭州北车辆段已累计检查1604条轮轴，实现轮轴“零故障”交验，确保往来货物平安抵达千家万户。
近年来，随着铁路技术装备、铸造工艺的不断提升，故障率也在逐步降低。“故障虽然少了，但始终不能疏忽大意，把好每条轮轴的质量关，是责任更是良心。”吴洁良说。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。  资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle. 
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